Scientists have designed a new microchip that's powered by light rather than electricity. The tech has the potential to train future artificial intelligence models much faster and more efficiently than today's best components, researchers claim.
Throughout computing history, chips have adhered to Moore's Law, which states the number of transistors will double every two years without a rise in production costs or energy consumption. But there are physical limitations to silicon chips, including the maximum speed transistors can operate at, the heat they generate from resistance, and the smallest size chip scientists can make.
Using photons, however, has many advantages over electrons. Firstly, they move faster than electrons — which cannot reach the speed of light. While electrons can move at close to these speeds, such systems would need an extraordinary — and unfeasible — amount of energy. Using light would therefore be far less energy-intensive. Photons are also massless and do not emit heat in the same way that electrons carrying an electrical charge do.
Instead of using a silicon wafer of uniform height for the semiconductor, as conventional silicon chips do, the scientists made the silicon thinner — but only in specific regions.
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