Oregon State University’s latest study introduces iron as a viable, cost-effective cathode material for lithium-ion batteries, potentially reducing reliance on costly metals like cobalt and nickel while enhancing battery safety and sustainability. Credit: SciTechDaily
In addition, those elements’ energy density is already being extended to its ceiling level. If pushed further, oxygen released during charging could cause batteries to ignite. Additionally, cobalt is toxic, meaning it can contaminate ecosystems and water sources if it leaches out of landfills. A battery consists of two electrodes – the anode and cathode, typically made of different materials – as well as a separator and electrolyte, a chemical medium that allows for the flow of electrical charge. During battery discharge, electrons flow from the anode into an external circuit and then collect at the cathode.
The blend, thoroughly mixed as a solid solution, allows for the reversible conversion – meaning the battery can be recharged – of a fine mixture of iron powder, lithium fluoride, and lithium phosphate into iron salts.