Research from the Monell Chemical Senses Center highlights the role of the TAS1R2-TAS1R3 receptor in regulating glucose metabolism, offering insights into potential treatments for metabolic disorders.The sweet taste receptor, expressed in taste bud cells, conveys sweetness from the mouth when it is activated. Earlier this month, a study in, led by another Monell researcher, delved into how the sweet-taste receptor might be the first stop in a metabolic surveillance system for sugar.
“Our objective was to determine whether TAS1R2-TAS1R3 influences glucose metabolism in two directions,” said Monell Member Paul Breslin, PhD, Professor of Nutritional Sciences, Rutgers University, and senior author on the paper.They showed that a TAS1R2-TAS1R3 agonist or a TAS1R2-TAS1R3 antagonist mixed with a glucose meal acutely altered human glucose tolerance in different ways.
“This system is elegant in its simplicity,” said Breslin. The same taste receptor is all over the body – the mouth, gastrointestinal tract, pancreas, liver, and fat cells, with the last three being major metabolic regulatory tissues, all part of the body’s 24/7 metabolic watch. The team maintains that, in general, the current dietary habits of excessive consumption of food and beverages high in sucrose, high fructose corn syrup, and high-potency sweeteners could hyperstimulate TAS1R2-TAS1R3, contributing to the improper regulation of glucose in the blood. This could lead to a diagnosis of metabolic syndrome, a cluster of risk factors including elevated plasma glucose and insulin insensitivity that increases the risk of heart disease, stroke, and diabetes.
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