Astronomy Generates Mountains of Data. That's Perfect for AI

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Astronomers are facing a deluge of data from modern telescopes. Without powerful AI, this data will lie dormant in a bottleneck.

A drone's view of the Rubin Observatory under construction in 2023. The 8.4-meter telescope is getting closer to completion and first light in 2025. The telescope will create a vast amount of data that will require special resources to manage, including AI. Image Credit: Rubin Observatory/NSF/AURA/A. Pizarro D

The VRO’s need for multiple sites to handle all of its data is a testament to the enormous volume of data it will generate. Without effective AI, that data will be stuck in a bottleneck. Image Credit: NOIRLab. AstroPT and similar AI deal with ‘tokens.’ Tokens are visual elements in a larger image that contain meaning. By breaking images down into tokens, an AI can understand the larger meaning of an image. AstroPT can transform individual tokens into coherent output.

This image illustrates how the authors trained AstroPT to predict the next token in a ‘spiralised’ sequence of galaxy image patches. It shows the token feed order. “As the galaxies are in the centre of each postage stamp, this set up allows us to seamlessly pretrain and run inference on differently sized galaxy postage stamps,” the authors explain. Image Credit: Smith et al. 2024.

 

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