JILA’s breakthrough in optical atomic clocks uses quantum entanglement to surpass fundamental precision limits, setting a new standard in timekeeping and opening avenues for scientific discovery.
Now, Ye’s team, in collaboration with JILA and NIST Fellow James K. Thompson, has used a specific process known as spin squeezing to generate quantum entanglement, resulting in an enhancement in clock performance operating at the 10-17 stability level.
“Because each time you measure a quantum state, it gets projected into a discrete energy level, the noise associated with these measurements looks like flipping a bunch of coins and counting if they show up as heads or tails,” said Miklos. “So, you get this law-of-large-number scaling where the precision of your measurement increases with the square root of N, yournumber. The more atoms you add, the better the stability of your clock is.
Realizing spin squeezing in optical clocks is a relatively new achievement, but similarly entangled resources like squeezed light have been used in other fields. “ already employed the squeezing of vacuum states to improve their measurements of interferometer lengths for gravitational wave detection,” explained JILA graduate student Yee Ming Tso.
Using the optical cavity, the researchers manipulated the atoms to form spin-squeezed, entangled states. This was achieved by measuring the collective properties of the atoms in a so-called “quantum non-demolition” fashion. QND takes a measure of a quantum system’s property so that the measurement doesn’t disturb that property. Two repeated QND measurements exhibit the same quantum noise, and by taking the difference, one can enjoy the cancellation of the quantum noise.
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