The DMA applies to a set of six technology giants that have been designated as 'gatekeepers' in order to limit their tendency to boost the usage of their own offerings – such as their own browsers, webmail, and marketplaces – to the detriment of rivals, which are pushed out of the way. This walloping of competitors, which slashes choice and innovation, is usually achieved through default settings, contractual requirements, and other mechanisms that favor the big players over smaller upstarts.
Apple and Google, as two of those gatekeeper firms, must now under Euro law make concessions to competitors to avoid further harm. The DMA compliance means a browser choice screen and search choice screen on Android smartphones and tablets during device setup, as well as a search choice screen for its Chrome browser on non-Android platforms. Choice screens can be an effective way to reduce market dominance. For example: in 2010, when Microsoft was required to provide a browser choice screen in Windows in Europe, OperaVestager following the EU's third antitrust fine against Googl
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