In 2013, Chang was the first to experimentally demonstrate this quantum phenomenon. Materials exhibiting this effect are referred to as QAH insulators, which are a type of topological insulator — a thin layer of film only a couple dozen atoms thick — that have been made magnetic so that they only conduct current on their edges. Because the electrons travel cleanly in one direction, the effect is referred to as dissipationless, meaning no energy is lost in the form of heat.
The researchers fabricated a QAH insulator with specific, optimized properties. They found that applying a 5-millisecond current pulse to the QAH insulator impacts the internal magnetism of the material and causes the electrons to change directions. The ability to change direction is critical for optimizing information transfer, storage, and retrieval in quantum technologies.
The team is currently exploring how to pause electrons on their route — to essentially turn the system on and off. They are also pursuing how to demonstrate the QAH effect at higher temperatures.,” Chang said. “Our long-term goal is to replicate the QAH effect at more technologically relevant temperatures.”
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