One major factor is the significant reduction in launch cost for payloads as launch vehicles and services become more efficient. In the past, most space infrastructure was made with custom fixed-function hardware and software, making it a challenging target for cyberattacks. Now, many of the new satellites include programmable, off-the-shelf hardware and software components that are subject to the same risks and vulnerabilities as other technologies using the same components.
Equally, there are many more services moving to space, with more applications being commingled and more parties touching the infrastructure, exponentially increasing the attack vectors available to hackers.In response to an expanded attack surface and the nature and volume of threats, cybersecurity is changing too. Today there is a trend toward decentralization and distribution of cyber capabilities for resilience and continuous operation.
Critical infrastructure requires the ability not just to detect attacks but to block attacks outright. In these most demanding cyber-physical environments, Zero Trust is becoming a key requirement. Zero Trust is a methodology for securing assets based on granular control of identities and access and continuous enforcement of the principle of least privilege.
Cybersecurity needs to be simple, granular and effective at blocking attacks, especially when dealing with a mix of legacy and modernized ground infrastructure and operational systems. Not only that, but we’re headed toward a future with cybersecurity convergence between ground and space architectures. New spacecraft architectures and communication networks will need Zero Trust principles built in from the start to enable real-time end-to-end security between ground and space.
Space infrastructure is not only distributed in space and across the globe, but it also involves numerous organizations with different levels of ability to access systems and handle sensitive data. The need to control end-to-end access and data security across multiple systems, networks, agencies, organizations, partners and end users is one of the hardest challenges facing space infrastructure today.
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