U.S. Copyright Office AI Guidance Sparks More Questions Than Answers for Music (Guest Column)

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How will the Copyright Office rule when human and AI contributions are more intertwined in music? (Guest Column)

To clear up questions about the copyrightability of AI in music, the U.S. Copyright Office recently signaled that copyrighting songs is about to get a lot more complicated.on the copyright-ability of works made using AI, saying that a work that is a combination of both AI generation and human creation can be eligible for copyright protection, with any purely AI made portions carved out.

“This policy does not mean that technological tools cannot be part of the creative process. Authors have long used such tools to create their works or to recast, transform, or adapt their expressive authorship. For example, a visual artist who uses Adobe Photoshop to edit an image remains the author of the modified image, and a musical artist may use effects such as guitar pedals when creating a sound recording.

The USCO has authority to prescribe application requirements and to “establish regulations not inconsistent with law for the administration of the functions and duties made the responsibility of the Register.” . However, the Copyright Office will be subject to the courts ruling on this case. The Copyright Office determined that while the work was copyrightable, the copyright only extended to the human-authored text, and to the human authorship involved in the selection and arrangement of the images but did not extend to the AI-generated images themselves.Clearly a comic book allows for easy differentiation between images and text. That may be analogous to, for example, a melody created purely by AI combined with lyrics created purely by a human or vice versa.

In that situation, it is unclear how the Copyright Office would begin to distinguish between the human authorship and AI authorship involved.

And aside from registration, these big questions will shape future licensing practices—is a license for a work that is only partially copyrightable worth the same as a license for a fully copyrighted work? What about a work that doesn’t have enough human contribution and doesn’t receive copyright protection—is it free to use, or stream? How will this affect royalty administration?

 

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